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KMID : 0378019660090010069
New Medical Journal
1966 Volume.9 No. 1 p.69 ~ p.81
Influence of Sea-Weed Upon the Lanolin-Induced Atherosclerosis in Rabbis


Abstract
Studies on human atherosclerosis indicated that there exists a geographical difference in the incidence and severity of atherosis and coronary diseases. Investigations on migrating races, such as Japanese, Jews and Italians, strongly suggested that the difference is not related to racial but to dietary difference. For instance, the incidence and severity of atherosclerosis among Japanese in Japan is much lower than those among Japanese Nisei in the United States, and those among Japanese Nisei in Hawaii are in between, which corelated well with the difference of their dietary constituents in each locality (Larson 1957, Key et al. 1958, Gore et al. 1960).
However, the role of diet in the development of atherosclerosis has been controversial subject for many years,. ranging from the view that.it is trivial to the belief that the diet is the primary cause of epidemic atherosclerosis. The belief that diet plays an important role in atherogenesis arose from the fact that experimental atherosclerosis is produced exclusively with dietary manupulation, particularly by feedig with high cholesterol diet, and the data. obtained from the animal experiments were extrapolated to the human. Keys (1955) hypothesised that atherogenesis is promoted by increasing concentration of blood cholesterol and the blood cholesterol level is directly influenced by the amount of fat in the diet. However, with the accumulation of new information, it is becoming, evident that the role of lipids in atherogenesis is more complex than it was originally thought.
Investigations of many nutrients other than fat as to the effect or serum cholesterol have also been made. So far vitamins and proteins seemed to have no effect on serum cholesterol (Keys and Anderson 1957). In the United States and Britain a general tendency of cardiovascular disease rate seems to be inversely related to the hardnesss of local drinking water (Morris et al. 1961), but this has not been proved scientifically. Keys et al. (1960,1961) observed that complex carbohydrates have a lowering effect on serum cholesterol and thought that this might explain the low serum cholesterol level in the people who eat a high carbohydrate diet.
The Present study attempts to investigate the influence of sea-weed, a common item in the Korean diet, on serum cholesterol and experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits following excessive feeding with lanolin.
Materials and Methods
Fifty rabbits, ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 kg. of body weight, were divided into five groups and treated as follows.
Group I consisted of 15 animals fed with lanonlin only, group 9 of 20 animals fed with lanolin and sea-weed, group E of 5 animals fed with lanolin and thyroxine, group W of 5 animals fed with sea-weed only, and group V of 5 animals used as untreated controls.
All animals were fed a basal diet of bean curd-residue, 300 gms per animal per day. The lanolin was given 10 gms per animal per day orally for 75 days. The sea-weed (undaria pinatifida) was prepared in dry powder and given 1.0 gm per animal per day alone and in combination with lanolin feeding. Thyroxine was given I mg, per animal per day in combinaton with lanolin feeding. Thyroxine was administered because of a possible effect sea-weed might have on the thyroid gland in view of the high iodine content in sea-weed.
During the expreimental period, body weight, serum total cholesterol and phospholipids determinations were made twice. All animals were killed and necropsied 75 days after the feeding of lanolin. The aortas, coronary
arteries, liver, adrenals, and thyroid gland were examined grossly and microscopically. 1
Results arid Summary
Serum total cholesterol was markedly elevated in the animals treated with lanolin alone. The animals treated with lanolin combined with sea-weed also showed increased serum cholesterol, but to a lesser degree.
The aortas and coronary arteries showed various degrees of atheromatous changes in the animals fed with lanolin only, including a complete occlusion of coronary arteries in some cases. The atheromatous changes alsa developed in animals fed with lanolin in combination with sea-weed, but its degree was - greatly reduced.. The liver showed moderate degree of lipids deposition in animals fed with lanolin alone, and it was very light in animals fed with sea-weed in combination with lanolin. The adrenals exhibited heavy lipid accumulation in the cortex both in groups treated with lanolin alone and lanolin with sea-weed, without any notable difference-between two groups.
The administration of thyroxine with lanolin produced the similar changes to lanolin alone.
The data obtained from the present experiment indicates that sea-weed depresses lanolin induced hypercholesterolemia and lanolin-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. The inhibiting effect of sea-weed on the atheroma formation appears to be due to its depressing action on hypercholesterolemia. A possible mechanism of the depressing action of sea-weed on serum cholesterol may be the action of iodine and iodides in sea-weed.
KEYWORD
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